History

The history of the Regional Association “Jan Arnošt Smoler” Budyšin | Bautzen reflects the development of the Sorbian people and their cultural achievements. Here are the key milestones and events that have shaped Sorbian life in the region.

The Bautzen Regional Association is inseparably linked with the name Jan Arnošt Smoler (1816–1884). Smoler was one of the leading Sorbian figures of the 19th century. He was an important publisher, editor and journalist. He carried out most of his cultural and publishing work in Bautzen, thereby making a significant contribution to strengthening Sorbian identity.

Learn more about Jan Arnošt Smoler here:

Wikipedia

  • Easter egg rolling in Bautzen, 1900, Sorbian Cultural Archive at the Sorbian Institute
    Easter egg rolling in Bautzen, 1900, Sorbian Cultural Archive at the Sorbian Institute

    The Beginnings and Foundation

    13 October 1912: Foundation of the Domowina as the umbrella organisation of Sorbian associations.
    21 July 1921: Establishment of the regional associations, including the Regional Association “Jan Arnošt Smoler”. During this period, numerous new Sorbian associations were founded.
    1923: Foundation of the Association of Sorbian Visual Artists on the initiative of Měrćin Nowak-Njechorński.

     

    Easter egg rolling in Bautzen, 1900, Sorbian Cultural Archive at the Sorbian Institute
  • Domowina meeting, 1926, in Bukecy | Hochkirch, Sorbian Cultural Archive at the Sorbian Institute
    Domowina meeting, 1926, in Bukecy | Hochkirch, Sorbian Cultural Archive at the Sorbian Institute

    The 1920s – A Period of Consolidation

    15 June 1926: Central Domowina meeting in Bukecy | Hochkirch with 4,000 participants from 37 Sorbian associations.
    20 February 1927: Main Assembly of the Domowina in Njeswačidło | Neschwitz; Jakub Šewčik from Baćon | Storcha is elected Chair.
    27 July 1927: Domowina meeting in Radwor | Radibor with 5,000 participants from 48 associations.
    2 July 1928: Domowina meeting in Budestecy | Großpostwitz featuring the first public performance of the poem “Lubin a Sprjewja” by Józef Nowak.

     

    Domowina meeting, 1926, in Bukecy | Hochkirch, Sorbian Cultural Archive at the Sorbian Institute
  • Sorbian brigades clearing rubble for the reconstruction of the House of the Sorbs in Budyšin | Bautzen, 1953. Photo: Kurt Heine
    Sorbian brigades clearing rubble for the reconstruction of the House of the Sorbs in Budyšin | Bautzen, 1953. Photo: Kurt Heine

    Period of National Socialism and Reconstruction after 1945

    1933–1936: Reorganisation of the Domowina; transformation of local associations into local branches with individual membership.|
    18 March 1937: Ban on events organised by the Domowina and its associations. Prohibition of the public use of the Sorbian language.|
    10 May 1945: Re-establishment of the Domowina after the Second World War.
    25 May 1945: Dr Jan Cyž becomes the first Sorb to serve as District Administrator of the Budyšin | Bautzen district.
    6 January 1946: Foundation of the Sorbian Teacher Training Institute in Radwor | Radibor.
    23 April 1946: First post-war meeting of Sorbian students in Radwor | Radibor; commemorative event for the Sorbian priest Alojs Andricki, who was murdered in Dachau concentration camp in 1943.
    8 September 1947: Establishment of the Sorbian Secondary School in Budyšin | Bautzen (today the Sorbian Grammar School).

    Sorbian brigades clearing rubble for the reconstruction of the House of the Sorbs in Budyšin | Bautzen, 1953. Photo: Kurt Heine
  • District Delegates’ Conference in Budyšin | Bautzen, 1957. Photo: Kurt Heine
    District Delegates’ Conference in Budyšin | Bautzen, 1957. Photo: Kurt Heine

    Cultural Renewal

    1 June 1950: Opening of the first Sorbian nursery, “Jan Radyserb-Wjela”, in Budyšin | Bautzen.
    8–10 July 1950: Sorbian gathering in Bautzen with 150,000 participants – the guest of honour was Wilhelm Pieck, the first President of the GDR.
    August 1953: Opening of the Sorbian Language School in Minakał | Milkel.
    7–8 July 1956: 2nd Sorbian gathering in Budyšin | Bautzen and inauguration of the new House of the Sorbs at Postplatz.
    September 1956: First Heath Festival in Komorow | Commerau near Klukš | Klix, celebrated annually in September until 1990.

     

    District Delegates’ Conference in Budyšin | Bautzen, 1957. Photo: Kurt Heine
  • Stage programme for the 3rd Festival of Sorbian Culture, 1972, in Budyšin | Bautzen. Sorbian Cultural Archive at the Sorbian Institute.
    Stage programme for the 3rd Festival of Sorbian Culture, 1972, in Budyšin | Bautzen. Sorbian Cultural Archive at the Sorbian Institute.

    Modern Sorbian Cultural Life

    1991: Commemorative event marking the 70th anniversary of the Regional Association at the Sorbian Museum, as well as Days of Sorbian Culture in Radwor | Radibor.
    1994 and 1997: Further Sorbian Cultural Days organised by the Regional Association in Radwor | Radibor and Njeswačidło | Neschwitz.
    Since 1997: The International Folklore Festival “Łužica–Łužyca–Lausitz” has been held regularly in Budyšin | Bautzen, Chrósćicy | Crostwitz and Hochoza | Drachhausen.

    Stage programme for the 3rd Festival of Sorbian Culture, 1972, in Budyšin | Bautzen. Sorbian Cultural Archive at the Sorbian Institute.

Recent Developments and Commemorative Events

2012: Commemorative event marking the 100th anniversary of the Domowina in Hoyerswerda.
2016: Commemoration of the 100th anniversary of the death of Jan Arnošt Smoler at the memorial in Budyšin | Bautzen.
Since 2020: The Domowina has organised annual autumn concerts in Lusatia.
2022: Events during the Zejler–Kocor Year in honour of Handrij Zejler (150th anniversary of his death) and Korla Awgust Kocor (200th anniversary of his birth).
2024: Inauguration of a commemorative stone for Jan A. Miertsching in Gröditz – missionary, interpreter and participant in an expedition.
2026: 100th anniversary of the death of Jurij Pilk, 50th anniversary of the death of Maria Kubasch, and 130th anniversary of the death of Maria Kubasch. Maria Grollmuss's birthday

 


Chairs of the Regional Association “Jan Arnošt Smoler”

 

1921 – 1933     Pawoł Krječmar (1898–1979) from Budyšin | Bautzen
1945 – 1949     Korla Wirt (1900–1981) from Cokowa pola Hodźij | Zockau near Göda
1949 – 1951     prof. dr. Pawoł Nowotny (1912–2010) from Budyšina | Bautzen
1951 – 1952     Herman Šudak (1900–1976) from Komorowa pola Rakec | Commerau near Königswartha
1952 – 1962     Gusta Haža (1895–1982) from Pomorc | Pommritz
1962 – 1966     Alfred Krupaŕ (1908–1970) from Krakec | Kreckwitz
1966 – 1974     Bjarnat Zarjeńk (*1913) from Časec | Tschaschwitz
1974 – 1982     Erich Křižan (1931–2000) from Rodec pola Bukec | Rodewitz near Hochkirch
1982 – 1990     dr. Helmut Faska (1932–2024) from Komorowa pola Rakec | Commerau near Königswartha
1990 – 1991     Hilža Nukowa (1941–2023) from Budyšin | Bautzen
1991 – 1993     No Chair (acting leadership only)
1993 – 1995     Bjarnat Nowak (1925–2022) from Budyšin | Bautzen
1995 – 1997     dr. Hilža Elina (*1954) from Rachlowa pod Čornobohom | Rachlau
1997 – 2003     Měrćin Škoda (1932–2010) from Hodźij | Göda
2003 – 2005     Hilža Nukowa (1941–2023) from Budyšin | Bautzen
2005 – 2007     No Chair (four board spokespersons)
2007 – 2009     Měrćin Škoda (1932–2010) from Hodźij | Göda
2009 – 2019     Jana Pětrowa (*1965) from Lemišowa | Lömischau
2019 – 2023     Hilža Mehrowa, Leńka Thomasowa and Jana Pětrowa
since 2023     Leńka Thomasowa (*1959)